Category: Science

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Black Holes and Galaxies Grew Up Together in Early Universe

"There are at least 30 million supermassive black holes in the early universe.”

- NASA Chandra X-ray Center

“We know from observations of nearby galaxies, starting with our own Milky Way - but also extending to other galaxies in the nearby universe - we can actually deduce the presence of their local black holes and find that every galaxy probably does have a black hole at its center.”

- Mitchell Begelman, Ph.D., Dir., JILA; Prof. of Astrophysics, CU-Boulder

Composite image from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) combines the deepest X-ray, optical and infrared views of the sky. The composite image shows a small section of the Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS), where the Chandra sources are blue, the optical HST data are shown in green and blue, and the infrared data from Hubble are in red and green. Using these images, astronomers have obtained the first direct evidence that black holes are common in the early universe and that very young black holes grew more aggressively than thought along side evolving galaxies. Image credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/U.Hawaii/E.Treister et al; Infrared: NASA/STScI/UC Santa Cruz/G.Illingworth et al; Optical: NASA/STScI/S.Beckwith et al.
Composite image from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) combines the deepest X-ray, optical and infrared views of the sky. The composite image shows a small section of the Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS), where the Chandra sources are blue, the optical HST data are shown in green and blue, and the infrared data from Hubble are in red and green. Using these images, astronomers have obtained the first direct evidence that black holes are common in the early universe and that very young black holes grew more aggressively than thought along side evolving galaxies. Image credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/U.Hawaii/E.Treister et al; Infrared: NASA/STScI/UC Santa Cruz/G.Illingworth et al; Optical: NASA/STScI/S.Beckwith et al.

June 29, 2011  Boulder, Colorado - On June 15, 2011, NASA hosted a TV press conference with several astrophysicists, including Prof. Mitchell Begelman, Ph.D., Director of the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics (JILA) and Prof. of Astrophysics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado. The news headline was “NASA's Chandra Finds Massive Black Holes Common in Early Universe.” The next day in the June 16, 2011, issue of Nature, astronomers described “Black Hole Growth in the Early Universe Is Self-Regulated and Largely Hidden from View.”

 

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Part 2: Google Mars Update with Planetary Scientist James Bell

“It would have been incredibly exciting and interesting and perhaps even historic if this were a real feature, but it appears to have just been some sort of mapping or mosaic mistake in the low-resolution data.”

- James Bell, Ph.D., Astronomer and Planetary Scientist, ASU

Mars Google map location: 71 49’19.73″N 29 33’06.53″W Allegedly discovered and posted on YouTube by American amateur astronomer David Martines, and reported June 2, 2011, by U. K.'s The Sun. See Martines video link in Websites at end of report.
Mars Google map location: 71 49’19.73″N 29 33’06.53″W Allegedly discovered and posted on YouTube by American amateur astronomer David Martines, and reported June 2, 2011, by U. K.'s The Sun. See Martines video link in Websites at end of report.

Return to Part 1.

June 14, 2011  Tempe, Arizona - On June 11, 2011, I reported an Earthfiles interview with Prof. James Bell, Ph.D., Prof. of Astronomy and Planetary Sciences, Arizona State University, in Tempe, Arizona, about the recent and controversial David Martines video at YouTube and related articles in the U. K. Daily Mail and The Sun. Please see 061111 Earthfiles.

Prof. Bell is an astronomer and planetary scientist who uses remote sensing, field studies, and laboratory studies to explore the geology, mineralogy, origin, and evolution of planetary surfaces. His current research focuses mostly on the geology and mineralogy of Mars using data from the Spirit and Opportunity Mars rovers. He is the lead scientist for those cameras and also works with images from the other Mars orbiters.

 

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Part 1: Is This A Structure On Mars? Planetary Scientist Replies.

“If this were like an alien space station or something, that would be the coolest thing ever! ... But I just don’t see any evidence that supports it.”

- James Bell, Ph.D., Astronomer and Planetary Scientist, ASU

Mars Google map location: 71 49’19.73″N 29 33’06.53″W Allegedly discovered and posted on YouTube by American amateur astronomer David Martines, and reported June 2, 2011, by U. K.'s The Sun. See Martines video link in Websites at end of report.
Mars Google map location: 71 49’19.73″N 29 33’06.53″W Allegedly discovered and posted on YouTube by American amateur astronomer David Martines, and reported June 2, 2011, by U. K.'s The Sun. See Martines video link in Websites at end of report.

June 11, 2011  Tempe, Arizona - On June 2, 2011, the U. K. Sun online headlined ‘Space Station’ Found On Mars and included a video put together by an alleged American amateur astronomer named David Martines. In the video, Martines said a large, white structure is   “something I discovered on Google Mars quite by accident at coordinates Latitude 71 49'19.73"N and Longitude 29 33'06.53"W.” Many websites picked up on the Martines video and National Public Radio also reported about the alleged discovery on June 7, 2011, in a science blog by Mark Memott. See Websites below.

 

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Cosmic Explosion So Strange Scientists Say It’s “Unprecedented”

“SWIFT had never seen another object outside of our galaxy appear to act this way. It is quite unlike anything we've known before, except maybe blazars.”

- Andrew Fruchter, Ph.D., Astronomer, Space Telescope Science Institute

NASA's and ESA's SWIFT gamma-ray burst telescope detected a strong gamma ray burst (GRB) on March 28, 2011, that rapidly oscillated for more than a day and is still detectable after nearly a month. Normal gamma ray bursts last on average no more than 30 seconds. Could this be the first-ever image of a black hole tearing apart a star?  April 4, 2011 image by Hubble Space Telescope.
NASA's and ESA's SWIFT gamma-ray burst telescope detected a strong gamma ray burst (GRB) on March 28, 2011, that rapidly oscillated for more than a day and is still detectable after nearly a month. Normal gamma ray bursts last on average no more than 30 seconds. Could this be the first-ever image of a black hole tearing apart a star?  April 4, 2011 image by Hubble Space Telescope.

April 29, 2011  Baltimore, Maryland - Since the Big Bang, the most powerful explosions in this universe are huge flashes of gamma-ray bursts, or GRBs. Extremely rare and fleeting, the sources of gamma-ray bursts are billions of light-years from Earth outside our Milky Way galaxy. Their gamma intensity is so great that if there were a GRB in our galaxy pointed directly towards Earth, it would cause mass extinction. So far scientists do not know what causes them. Are they black holes tearing massive stars apart? Or two neutron stars colliding? Or something else even more exotic?

 

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Part 5: Original Carbon of Scorched Memo, Project JEHOVAH and Physicists Oppenheimer and Einstein

“Now we come to the problem of determining what to do if the inhabitants of celestrial (sic) bodies, or extraterrestrial biological entities (EBE), desire to settle here (Earth).”

- Physicists Robert Oppenheimer and Albert Einstein, June 1947

Burned memo, presumably written before assassination of John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963, when either John A. McCone or Allen W. Dulles were Directors of the Central Intelligence Agency. In the TOP SECRET/MJ-12 red stamped 9-page document, the first page cropped above shows the document is “From: Director of Central Intelligence (MJ-1) to MJ-2 through MJ-7, with reference to: Project MAJESTIC and JEHOVAH (MJ); Project EVIRO; Project PARASITE; and Project PARHELION.”
Burned memo, presumably written before assassination of John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963, when either John A. McCone or Allen W. Dulles were Directors of the Central Intelligence Agency. In the TOP SECRET/MJ-12 red stamped 9-page document, the first page cropped above shows the document is “From: Director of Central Intelligence (MJ-1) to MJ-2 through MJ-7, with reference to: Project MAJESTIC and JEHOVAH (MJ); Project EVIRO; Project PARASITE; and Project PARHELION.”

Return to Part 1

April 18, 2011 and  August 9, 2008  Albuquerque, New Mexico - Below is the last paragraph of the November 4, 1953, SECRET memorandum from President Eisenhower to the Director of Central Intelligence (Allen W. Dulles) that was introduced in Earthfiles Part 4.  In this last paragraph, President Eisenhower mentions “Project JEHOVAH director Professor Albert Einstein and Doctor Robert Oppenheimer...”

 

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World’s First Macro-Sized Quantum Machine

“If somebody can build a quantum computer with all that it promises to be, prime number decryption could then occur in real time and that would mean all of the encryption that’s used by banks, governments and the military would be crackable.”

- Andrew Cleland, Ph.D., Physicist, UC-Santa Barbara

Science journal's Breakthrough of 2010 went to the first mechanical, vibrating device (resonator), which is as long as a human hair is wide. The paddle-shaped resonator is made of a thin film of aluminum nitride sandwiched between aluminum layers. The device is the first to reach the quantum ground state, a feat achieved by physicists at the University of California - Santa Barbara, led by Andrew N. Cleland, Prof. of Physics, Cleland Group, UC-Santa Barbara. Scanning electron microscope image 2010 by Andrew N. Cleland and Aaron D. O'Connell.
Science journal's Breakthrough of 2010 went to the first mechanical, vibrating device (resonator), which is as long as a human hair is wide. The paddle-shaped resonator is made of a thin film of aluminum nitride sandwiched between aluminum layers. The device is the first to reach the quantum ground state, a feat achieved by physicists at the University of California - Santa Barbara, led by Andrew N. Cleland, Prof. of Physics, Cleland Group, UC-Santa Barbara. Scanning electron microscope image 2010 by Andrew N. Cleland and Aaron D. O'Connell.

April 1, 2011  Santa Barbara, California - Until 2010, “all  human-made objects have moved according to the laws of classical mechanics. Back in March 2010, however, a group of researchers designed a gadget that moves in ways that can only be described by quantum mechanics.”  Thus began the American Association of the Advancement of Science announcement that its choice for Science Breakthrough of 2010 goes to the first quantum machine big enough to actually see with the human eye in the macro world. It's length is about the width of a human hair (image above).

 

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